This project and the accompanying paper explore the development of a novel sand-based material, its performance testing, and the computational logic that informs the design of a prototypical architectural system. Traditionally, dune sand is considered unsuitable for construction due to its instability compared to river or marine sand. Consequently, desert regions have become heavily reliant on imported construction materials, leading to significant sustainability challenges associated with large-scale global shipping, importation, and resource extraction.
This research uncovers the potential to repurpose dune sand, presenting a viable opportunity for material science and design innovation in local desert environments. It addresses the notable gap in architectural research focused on utilizing this abundant yet overlooked resource. The methodology begins with bio-material experiments using dune sand as a primary compound, followed by the development of a construction system grounded in a series of experimental findings. Alongside material investigations, the research employs a Scientific Testing Method (STM) and Hypothesis in Action (HIA) as part of its rigorous testing framework.
The project draws on biomineralization—a natural process by which living organisms produce minerals to harden or stiffen exoskeletons and tissues. This widespread phenomenon across all taxonomic kingdoms is mirrored in the creation of a new bio-synthetic material that replicates the hardening and mineralization of dune sand found in the Sahara and Arabian deserts. Although traditionally considered unsuitable for modern construction, these vast quantities of dune sand offer untapped potential when combined with augmented construction techniques and computational placement of tectonic units.
The paper examines how organizational systems can integrate architecturally with regionally appropriate bio-material composed of dune sand. It further investigates how this material process can consistently yield viable architectural outcomes, positioning dune sand as a primary ingredient in sustainable construction materials. As the material research advances, the study questions how the production of this bio-material can be synergized with augmentation and computation to produce consistent architectural outcomes tailored to desert-specific environments.
This research contributes to the ongoing discourse on designing for extreme environments, aligning with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals focused on sustainable communities, responsible consumption and production, climate action, and life on land.
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